Effects of different pollination methods on tomato fruits quality and metabolism

Bee pollination can affect tomato yield and qulity. The mechanism of improving yield and quality of tomato by bee pollination is not clear, and few studies have been done. To understanding how bee pollination affects tomato quality, we compared the physiological indicators, endogenous hormones level and metabolism of tomato fruit pollinated after honeybee, bumblebee and PGR pollination. Our results indicate that the tomato pollinated by bumblebee were heavier, larger than those pollinated by honeybee and PGR. The sugar content of tomatoes pollinated by honeybees and bumblebees were significantly respectively increased 7.96% and 10.18% than that of tomatoes pollinated by PGR. While the pH value of tomatoes pollinated honeybees (3.99±0.02) and bumblebees (3.94±0.03) was significantly lower than that of tomatoes pollinated by PGR (4.19±0.04) (P<0.05). Different pollination methods significantly affected the content of endogenous hormones in fruits. In five endogenous hormones, the highest content was GA in honeybee pollination treatment, IAA in bumblebee treatment, and ABA, ZT and iPAs in PGR treatment. It is speculated that different pollination methods may regulate the maturity and quality of tomatoes through different hormone levels. There were respectively 5 different metabolites (3 upregulated and 2 downregulated), 95 different metabolites (59 upregulated and 36 downregulated) and 95 different metabolites (56 upregulated and 39 downregulated) in honeybee pollination vs bumblebee pollination, honeybee pollination vs PGR pollination and bumblebee pollination vs PGR pollination. Metabolites mainly involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis. Compared with PGR pollination, the metabolism of amino acids, vitamins, sugars, flavor substances and organic acids with antioxidant physiological effects in honeybee pollination and bumblebee pollination groups was significantly higher. It can be inferred that the tomato fruit after bee pollination may be better taste and more favorable to resist the disease. These results provide a valuable insight for uncovering the mechanism of how bee pollination enhances tomato fruit flavor, and enhancing the understanding of interactions between bee pollinators and fruit development processes.

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Non-contact exposure to dinotefuran disrupts honey bee homing by altering MagR and Cry2 gene expression

Non-contact exposure to dinotefuran disrupts honey bee homing by altering MagR and Cry2 gene expression Dinotefuran is known to negatively affect honeybee ( Apis mellifera ) behavior, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The magnetoreceptor ( MagR , which responds to magnetic fields) and cryptochrome ( Cry2 , which is sensitive to light) genes are considered to play important roles in honey bees’ homing and localization behaviors. Our study found that dinotefuran, even without direct contact, can act like a magnet, significantly altering MagR expression in honeybees. This non-contact exposure reduced the bees’ homing rate. In further experiments, we exposed foragers to light and magnetic fields, the MagR gene responded to magnetic fields only in the presence of light, with Cry 2 playing a key switching role in the magnetic field receptor mechanism ( MagR–Cry2 ). Yeast two-hybrid and BiFc assays confirmed an interactio...

New Report – Interlocked: Midwives and the Climate Crisis

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Bee attack claims life of newspaper distributor

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“Global honey crisis”: Testing technology and local sourcing soars amid fraud and tampering concerns

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Start the New Year Humming Like a Bee

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The Essential Role of Bees in Our Ecosystem and the Challenges They Face

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The Growing Dilemma of Pet Burials in South Korea: Environmental and Legal Hurdles

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Climate Crisis Claims Glacier's Vital Climate Data Archive

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German election: Climate and environment take a back seat

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