재난이 확대됨에 따라 기후 협약에 대한 긴급한 촉구

연례 유엔 기후변화 회의인 COP28을 불과 두 달 앞두고 유엔, 국제에너지기구(IEA), 기후 정상회의의 지도자들은 세계 양대 강대국인 미국과 중국에 기후 협약 체결을 촉구하는 노력을 강화하고 있습니다. 이들은 과학자들이 치명적인 화재, 홍수, 폭풍의 증가를 원인으로 지목하는 지구 온도 상승에 대처하기 위한 국제적 노력을 활성화하는 데 있어 이들 국가 간의 협력이 중추적인 역할을 한다고 인식하고 있습니다.

파티 비롤(Fatih Birol) IEA 사무총장은 최근 인터뷰에서 기후변화 대응에 상당한 모멘텀을 제공할 것이라며 이번 COP28 합의의 중요성을 강조했습니다. 그는 미중 합의 가능성을 둘러싼 불확실성을 인정하면서도 이러한 협력 없이는 글로벌 기후 목표를 달성할 가능성이 매우 낮다고 강조했습니다.

세계 최대 이산화탄소 배출국인 중국은 연간 약 127억 톤의 탄소를 배출하고 있으며, 이는 미국 배출량의 두 배가 넘는 양입니다. 그러나 미국은 산업화가 일찍 시작되었기 때문에 대기 중에 장기간 지속되는 누적 탄소 배출에 대한 글로벌 책임의 상당 부분을 부담하고 있습니다. 또한 미국인은 중국인에 비해 1인당 탄소 배출량이 더 높습니다.

최근 미국에서 개최된 유엔 총회에서는 수많은 기후 외교관들이 모여 지정학적 긴장과 재원 마련의 진전 부족이 COP28을 위태롭게 한다는 우려를 제기했습니다. 12월 두바이에서 열릴 예정인 올해 정상회의에서는 2015년 파리기후변화협약의 목표를 향한 세계의 진전 상황과 목표 달성을 위한 보다 엄격한 조치의 필요성에 대한 공식적인 평가인 글로벌 '재고조사'를 완료하는 것을 목표로 하고 있습니다.

이번 달에 발표된 이 평가의 예비 버전에 따르면 각국 정부가 상당히 뒤처져 있으며, 이를 따라잡을 수 있는 "급속히 좁아지는 창"에 직면해 있는 것으로 나타났습니다. 미국과 중국이 세계 최대 온실가스 배출국이라는 점을 고려할 때, 양국의 협력을 통한 상당한 진전이 필수적인 것으로 간주됩니다.

#기후협약, #COP28, #기후변화, #기후정상회의, #미중협력, #글로벌배출량, #환경외교, #담비키퍼, #그린키퍼

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